🌳 Trees Encyclopedia • जड़ से फल तक पूरी जानकारी • Hindi & English • Free
Trees Encyclopedia India भारतीय वृक्षों की पूरी जानकारी — जड़, छाल, पत्ते, फल, लकड़ी
Sacred, medicinal, flowering, timber, palm & Himalayan trees — roots to fruits, legal status, market value and growing guide
🌳 80 Trees
🕉️ Sacred & Medicinal
🌸 Flowering & Ornamental
🪵 Timber & Agroforestry
🌴 Palms & Himalayan
Mahua / Butter Tree
महुआ / मधुका
Madhuca longifolia
Mahua — tribal India's complete tree. Flowers: edible (73% sugar!), flour, liquor (5,000 yr tradition). Seeds: Mahua butter = EU chocolate cocoa substitute. FRA 2006 tribal rights. State liquor laws vary!
📏 16–20 metres
📍 Central India — CG, MP, Jharkhand, Odisha, Vidarbha, AP
African Tulip Tree / Spathodea / Fountain Tree
African Tulip Tree / नंदी फ्लेम / Fountain Tree
Spathodea campanulata
African Tulip / Spathodea — ⚠️ IUCN 100 WORST INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES! Year-round orange-red flowers. Fountain Tree (bud water squirt). Anti-malarial bark research. DO NOT plant near forest edges, Western Ghats, Andaman. Remove pods before maturity!
📏 12–25 metres
📍 Tropical India only — Kerala, Karnataka, TN, Goa, Andaman. NOT cold areas.
Silver Oak / Silky Oak / Australian Silver Oak
सिल्वर ओक / सिल्की ओक / ग्रेविलिया
Grevillea robusta
Silver Oak / Grevillea — Coorg + Chikmagalur coffee's 100-year shade tree. Shade-grown coffee premium Rs.15-30k/ha/yr. 15-20 ft/yr at hill stations (exceptionally fast for altitude!). Silky lace wood figure. Brilliant orange spring flowers = sunbird magnet. NOT a true oak!
📏 20–35 metres | Tall straight | Ferny silver-grey foliage distinctive
📍 Best: 800-2,000m altitude — Coorg, Chikmagalur, Nilgiris, Wayanad, Darjeeling, Sikkim.
Fishtail Palm / Wine Palm / Toddy Palm
फिशटेल पाम / टोड्डी पाम / मारी
Caryota urens
Fishtail Palm — world's only monocot with BIPINNATE leaves (fish-tail leaflets = unique!). Kerala best quality toddy: Rs.30,000-60,000/tree/year. ⚠️ Orange-red fruits DANGEROUSLY TOXIC (raphides → throat swelling emergency). MONOCARPIC (top→bottom 2-4 years). Plan succession planting!
📏 10–20 metres | Monocarpic! | World's only monocot with bipinnate leaves
📍 Tropical humid — Western Ghats (Kerala, Karnataka, TN), Eastern Ghats, NE India.
Baheda / Beleric Myrobalan
बहेड़ा / विभीतक
Terminalia bellirica
Baheda — Triphala's Kapha fruit. Respiratory health, eye wash, anti-diarrheal. Bark: 20-40% tannin (leather industry). MSP Rs.15-30/kg. FRA 2006 tribal rights. Cultivation: Rs.1 lakh/hectare/year from Year 12.
📏 20–30 metres
📍 Pan-India — dry deciduous forests below 1,500m
Bottle Brush / Crimson Bottle Brush / Callistemon
बॉटल ब्रश / कालिस्टेमन
Callistemon citrinus
Bottle Brush — India's #1 sunbird-attracting garden tree (purple sunbirds daily!). Kashmir to Kerala adaptable (-5°C frost tolerant!). Lemon-scented leaves = essential oil (bronchodilatory, mosquito repellent). Multi-season red spikes. Not invasive.
📏 3–10 metres (shrub to small tree)
📍 Pan-India Kashmir to Kerala! Extremely adaptable. Tolerates -5°C brief frost.
Poplar / Safeda (North) / Populus
पॉपलर / सफेदा (उत्तर) / पापुलस
Populus deltoides
Poplar — Punjab's "do-faida kheti" Rs.80-90 lakh/ha in just 8 years (timber + wheat intercrop simultaneously!). India's shortest quality timber rotation. WIMCO/Century Ply/Greenply direct purchase. ⚠️ Use G-48/WIMCO 7 MALE clones only — female cotton = fire hazard!
📏 20–35 metres | Very straight columnar trunk | Plywood-perfect form
📍 Punjab, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand plains + foothills. HP 700-1,500m also. NOT tropical South India.
Foxtail Palm / Wodyetia
फॉक्सटेल पाम / Wodyetia
Wodyetia bifurcata
Foxtail Palm — India's top luxury landscape palm. FOX-TAIL FRONDS: 360° spiral leaflets (unique among ALL Indian palms!). Discovered 1983 remote Queensland (Aboriginal Wodyeti honored). 3-5 ft/year growth. Rs.60,000-1,50,000 mature. Nursery: Rs.1 crore from Rs.10,000. NON-INVASIVE roots (safer than Coconut near buildings).
📏 8–12 metres | Green crownshaft | 360° SPIRAL leaflets = FOX-TAIL unique!
📍 Pan-India below 800m. Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, MH, TN, Gujarat, AP, WB. Most versatile landscape palm.
Haritaki / Harad / Chebulic Myrobalan
हरड़ / हरर / अभया
Terminalia chebula
Haritaki / Harad — King of Medicines (Tibetan). Medicine Buddha holds it. 5 of 6 tastes. Higher antioxidant than blueberries. Anti-HIV gallic acid confirmed. Dental health > chlorhexidine studies. Rasayana seasonal protocol.
📏 15–25 metres
📍 Pan-India — dry deciduous, Nepal, Sri Lanka, SE Asia up to 1,500m
Crepe Myrtle / Jarul / Pride of India
जारुल / प्राइड ऑफ इंडिया / क्रेप मर्टल
Lagerstroemia speciosa
Jarul / Crepe Myrtle — NATIVE India's monsoon flowering giant (June-Sept, unlike most trees). Leaves = Banaba extract (anti-diabetic GLUT4 confirmed, sold Japan/USA/Philippines). Beautiful autumn color. Premium Rs.800-1,500/cubic ft Bengal timber. NOT small ornamental!
📏 12–30 metres (large forest tree — NOT small ornamental!)
📍 Eastern India (WB, Assam, Odisha) + South India coastal — humid conditions needed
Casuarina / Suru / Horsetail Tree / Australian Pine
सुरु / जंगली सरू / कैजुआरिना
Casuarina equisetifolia
Casuarina / Suru — Tamil Nadu coastal planting backbone (2+ lakh ha!). TNPL contract farming direct purchase. 40-60 kg N/ha/yr (Frankia — world-class non-legume N-fixer). 2004 tsunami buffer documented. Aquaculture poles for shrimp farms. 4-7 yr fuelwood coppice. NOT a pine!
📏 15–30 metres | Straight narrow | Pine-like appearance but NOT pine
📍 Tropical coastal — Tamil Nadu, AP, Odisha, WB, Kerala coast. Extremely salt + wind tolerant.
Himalayan Oak / Banj Oak / Moru Oak
बांज ओक / मोरू ओक / बन ओक
Quercus leucotrichophora / Q. floribunda / Q. semecarpifolia
Himalayan Banj Oak — WATER SECURITY tree. Perennial springs disappear 5-10 years after oak deforestation. Oct-March: LIFELINE winter fodder for Himalayan livestock. Oak loss → Chir Pine expansion → MORE FLASH FLOODS (UK/HP scientifically linked). RESTORE BANJ OAK = flood + drought insurance. Van Devata sacred groves = most effective conservation.
📏 15–30 metres | Broad spreading | 200-1000+ year ancient trees
📍 1,500–4,000m depending species. HP, UK, J&K, Sikkim, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Nagaland.
Showing 12 of 80 trees
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