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Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees इमारती, छाया व कृषि वानिकी वृक्ष

Complete encyclopedias for 20 timber, shade and agroforestry trees — Teak, Sheesham, Sandalwood, Kikar, Khejhdi, Eucalyptus and more. Wood value per cubic foot, legal cutting rules, income per acre, govt schemes and agroforestry uses.

20 इमारती, छाया व कृषि वानिकी वृक्षों की complete encyclopedia — सागवान, शीशम, चंदन, कीकर, खेजड़ी, सफेदा और अधिक। Wood value, legal cutting rules, income per acre, govt schemes।

20 Trees

🌳 All Trees 🕉️ Sacred & Medicinal Trees 🌸 Flowering & Ornamental Trees 🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees 🌴 Palms & Himalayan Trees

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ⚠️ Natural forest: STRI

Teak / Sagwan / King of Timbers

सागवान / सागौन / टीक

Tectona grandis

Teak / Sagwan — "King of Timbers." Class I 100+ year durability. Natural oil = no treatment needed. Plantation 1 ha = Rs.1.5-2 crore in 25 years! ⚠️ Transit permit MANDATORY for ALL movement even own land. Natural forest: STRICTLY PROTECTED.

📏 20–40 metres | Straight trunk — excellent timber form 📍 Tropical — MP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, AP, TN primary. NOT cold or very dry.

Teak Sagwan King of Timbers

💰 Rs.1,500–5,000+/cubic foot | Plantation grade: Rs.2,000-3,500 | Forest grade: Rs.3,000-5,000+ Full Guide →

Sandalwood Chandan Tree India Karnataka Mysore — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ✅ VERY COMPLEX: Karnat

Sandalwood / Chandan / White Sandalwood

चंदन / सफेद चंदन / श्रीगंध

Santalum album

Sandalwood / Chandan — world's most valuable tree (Rs.50,000-2L/litre oil!). Single mature tree = Rs.5-25 lakh. ⚠️ Karnataka: GOVT OWNS trees on private land. Hemi-parasitic: NEEDS HOST PLANTS. Mysore Sandalwood GI. Face pack + tilak traditional.

📏 4–10 metres | Small-medium tree | Semi-parasitic needs host plants 📍 Deccan plateau — Karnataka, TN, AP, MH Marathwada. 500-1,000mm rainfall ideal.

Sandalwood Chandan Rs50000-2L Litre Oil World Valuable

💰 Heartwood: Rs.10,000–30,000/kg | Oil: Rs.50,000–2,00,000/litre | Single mature tree: Rs.5–25 lakh Full Guide →

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ⚠️ Not specially protec

Sheesham / Shisham / North Indian Rosewood

शीशम / सिसम / उत्तर भारतीय रोसवुड

Dalbergia sissoo

Sheesham / Shisham — Jodhpur + Saharanpur furniture industry's foundation. Beautiful interlocked wavy grain. 15-20 year harvest. Rs.1.1-1.3 crore/ha net. Simpler than Teak legally (farmer owns + sells). ⚠️ Fusarium die-back risk — use certified disease-resistant clones!

📏 15–25 metres | Spreading irregular crown | Good timber when managed 📍 North India — UP, Bihar, Punjab, Rajasthan, MP, HP foothills. Riverbanks natural.

Sheesham Shisham Jodhpur Saharanpur Furniture Foundation

💰 Rs.800–1,800/cubic foot | Export Indian rosewood: Rs.1,500-2,000 premium Full Guide →

Mahogany Tree India Plantation Timber Swietenia — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ✅ Private cultivation

Mahogany / Indian Mahogany / Big-leaf Mahogany

महोगनी / इंडियन महोगनी

Swietenia macrophylla (primary) / S. mahagoni

Mahogany — global cabinet timber + acoustic guitar standard (Gibson/Martin). Grows 30-40% FASTER in India than native Caribbean! Rs.2.4 crore/ha 25yr. ⚠️ CITES Appendix II export permit. ⚠️ Tip moth (Hypsipyla) = manage or forking. Simpler than Teak legally.

📏 20–40 metres | Straight trunk | Buttressed base old trees 📍 Tropical humid — Kerala, Karnataka, TN, AP, Assam. 1,000-2,500mm rainfall.

Mahogany Guitar Standard Gibson Martin 30-40% Faster India Than Caribbean

💰 Rs.1,200–3,500/cubic foot | Export with CITES: premium | Guitar sets: Rs.2,000-8,000/set Full Guide →

Sal Tree Sakhua Shorea robusta India Forest — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ⚠️ Strictly protected m

Sal Tree / Sakhua / Shala

साल / सखुआ / शाल / शाखुआ

Shorea robusta

Sal / Sakhua — Buddha's birth tree (Lumbini). India's most widespread forest (11-13% total). Sal butter = cocoa butter equivalent (chocolate industry!). Dona-pattal leaf plates tribal livelihood. Sal dhoop temple incense. 2-week seed viability — sow IMMEDIATELY!

📏 25–40 metres | Straight tall trunk | Buttressed base old trees 📍 Eastern + Central India — UP, Bihar, JH, CG, OD, WB, MP, Assam. 1,000-2,000mm.

Sal Sakhua Buddha Birth Tree Lumbini India Most Widespread Forest 11-13%

💰 Rs.1,000–2,500/cubic foot | Class I railway sleepers, heavy construction | Forest Dept auction Full Guide →

Eucalyptus Safeda Plantation India Fast Growing — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⚠️ Not protected. Priva

Eucalyptus / Safeda / Nilgiri

सफेदा / नीलगिरी / यूकेलिप्टस

Eucalyptus globulus / E. camaldulensis / E. tereticornis

Eucalyptus / Safeda — India's fastest tree (10-15 ft/yr). Rs.25 lakh/ha in 8 years pulpwood. ITC/Seshasayee contract farming. 1,8-cineole leaf oil = Vicks VapoRub active. ⚠️ Water table thief — AVOID near farmland, rivers. 100-200m buffer mandatory.

📏 20–50 metres | Very straight tall | Fastest large tree India 📍 Pan-India except very cold Himalayan. E. camaldulensis: drier areas. E. globulus: best oil.

Eucalyptus Safeda 10-15ft/yr Fastest India

💰 Pulpwood: Rs.3,000–5,000/tonne | Fuelwood: Rs.2,000-3,500/tonne | Essential oil: Rs.400-800/litre Full Guide →

Silver Oak Grevillea Coffee Shade Tree Coorg India — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⚠️ Not native. Not prot

Silver Oak / Silky Oak / Australian Silver Oak

सिल्वर ओक / सिल्की ओक / ग्रेविलिया

Grevillea robusta

Silver Oak / Grevillea — Coorg + Chikmagalur coffee's 100-year shade tree. Shade-grown coffee premium Rs.15-30k/ha/yr. 15-20 ft/yr at hill stations (exceptionally fast for altitude!). Silky lace wood figure. Brilliant orange spring flowers = sunbird magnet. NOT a true oak!

📏 20–35 metres | Tall straight | Ferny silver-grey foliage distinctive 📍 Best: 800-2,000m altitude — Coorg, Chikmagalur, Nilgiris, Wayanad, Darjeeling, Sikkim.

Silver Oak Grevillea Coorg Coffee Shade 100yr Tradition

💰 Rs.600–1,200/cubic foot | Silky oak decorative veneer: premium | Coffee estate shade service >> timber value Full Guide →

Poplar Plantation Punjab India Plywood Intercrop Farming — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⭐ Featured ⚠️ Not protected. Priva

Poplar / Safeda (North) / Populus

पॉपलर / सफेदा (उत्तर) / पापुलस

Populus deltoides

Poplar — Punjab's "do-faida kheti" Rs.80-90 lakh/ha in just 8 years (timber + wheat intercrop simultaneously!). India's shortest quality timber rotation. WIMCO/Century Ply/Greenply direct purchase. ⚠️ Use G-48/WIMCO 7 MALE clones only — female cotton = fire hazard!

📏 20–35 metres | Very straight columnar trunk | Plywood-perfect form 📍 Punjab, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand plains + foothills. HP 700-1,500m also. NOT tropical South India.

Poplar Do-Faida Kheti Rs80-90L 8yr Punjab Haryana UP

💰 Plywood logs: Rs.700–1,200/cubic foot | Matchwood WIMCO: Rs.500-900 | Particle board: Rs.400-700 Full Guide →

Casuarina Suru Coastal Plantation Tamil Nadu India — PlantCare

🪵 Timber, Shade & Agroforestry Trees ⚠️ Not native. Not prot

Casuarina / Suru / Horsetail Tree / Australian Pine

सुरु / जंगली सरू / कैजुआरिना

Casuarina equisetifolia

Casuarina / Suru — Tamil Nadu coastal planting backbone (2+ lakh ha!). TNPL contract farming direct purchase. 40-60 kg N/ha/yr (Frankia — world-class non-legume N-fixer). 2004 tsunami buffer documented. Aquaculture poles for shrimp farms. 4-7 yr fuelwood coppice. NOT a pine!

📏 15–30 metres | Straight narrow | Pine-like appearance but NOT pine 📍 Tropical coastal — Tamil Nadu, AP, Odisha, WB, Kerala coast. Extremely salt + wind tolerant.

Casuarina Suru TN Coastal Backbone 2L Ha

💰 Fuelwood: Rs.2,500–4,500/tonne | Pulpwood TNPL: Rs.3,000-5,000/tonne | Aquaculture poles: Rs.50-200/pole Full Guide →

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