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Crops & Grains फसलें और अनाज

Complete growing encyclopedias for Indian crops and grains — from wheat to ragi. Sowing season, crop care, harvesting methods, nutrition and traditional Indian uses.

Indian crops और grains की complete growing encyclopedia — wheat से ragi तक। Sowing season, crop care, harvesting methods, nutrition और traditional Indian uses।

36 Edibles

🌿 All Edibles 🥬 Vegetables 🍎 Fruits 🌿 Herbs & Medicinal 🌾 Crops & Grains

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Medium

Wheat / Gehun

गेहूँ

Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) | T. durum (durum — pasta/suji)

Wheat / Gehun — Rabi crop. Every week delay after Nov 25 = 30-35 kg/ha yield loss! 6 critical irrigation stages. Yellow rust biggest threat. MSP Rs.2,275/qt. Green Revolution hero crop.

🌱 Rabi — Oct 25 to Nov 25 (every week delay = 30-35 kg/ha yield loss!) ⏱️ 120-150 days | March-April | Golden yellow + hard grain

Wheat Gehun Rabi Crop

🌍 Fertile Crescent (West Asia) — India cultivation 5,000+ years. Green Revolution 1960s. View Guide →

Rice Chawal Paddy Farming India — Kharif Crop Basmati Encyclopedia

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Medium

Rice / Chawal / Dhan

चावल / धान

Oryza sativa (Asian rice — almost all India) | O. glaberrima (African — minor)

Rice / Dhan — world's largest water user crop. SRI method: 20-50% more yield + 30-40% less water. Punjab groundwater crisis from rice irrigation. Basmati: Rs.4,000-8,000/qt vs MSP Rs.2,300.

🌱 Kharif — nursery May-June, transplanting June-July | Boro (Rabi): Nov-Dec ⏱️ 100-160 days | October-November Kharif | 80% golden grains = harvest

Rice Chawal Dhan

🌍 China/India — 7,000+ years. India = world's largest rice EXPORTER. View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Maize / Makka / Bhutta

मक्का / भुट्टा / मकई

Zea mays — dent, flint, sweet, popcorn, waxy, baby corn subtypes

Maize / Makka — E20 ethanol mandate = massive new demand! FAW (Fall Armyworm) since 2018 = biggest new pest. Sweet corn 3-4x grain price. Baby corn Rs.40-80/kg. Silking water stress = 50% yield loss.

🌱 Kharif June-July (main) | Rabi Nov (South India) | Zaid Feb-March ⏱️ 80-130 days | Grain: golden husk | Sweet corn: milk stage 20-22 days after silk

Maize Makka Bhutta

🌍 Mexico/Central America — India cultivation post-16th century. Now world's #1 cereal by volume. View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Bajra / Pearl Millet

बाजरा

Pennisetum glaucum (syn. P. typhoides)

Bajra — 3x more iron than wheat! Lowest GI cereal (54). Grows in 250mm rainfall where NOTHING else grows. Eat bajra roti HOT (hardens in 30 min!). India = 40-50% of world production.

🌱 Kharif — June-July with first monsoon rain. Pre-monsoon dry sowing (tikhur) possible. ⏱️ 75-90 days — short season! Earhead straw-yellow + hard grain.

Bajra Pearl Millet 3x Iron Wheat

🌍 West Africa — India cultivation 3,000+ years. India = world's largest producer (40-50% global!). View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Jowar / Sorghum

ज्वार

Sorghum bicolor

Jowar / Sorghum — Maharashtra Rabi jowar grows with ZERO irrigation (residual moisture!). Dual purpose: grain + India's best cattle fodder. Gluten-free. MSP Rs.3,371/qt — highest millet. Shoot fly = #1 pest.

🌱 Kharif: June-July | Rabi (Maharashtra): Oct-Nov on residual moisture — NO irrigation! ⏱️ Kharif: 100-115 days | Rabi: 115-130 days | Black hilum spot = ready

Jowar Sorghum Zero Irrigation Rabi

🌍 Ethiopia/NE Africa — India cultivation 3,500+ years. India = world's 2nd largest producer. View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Ragi / Finger Millet / Nachni

रागी / नाचनी / मंडुआ

Eleusine coracana

Ragi — Calcium 344mg (3x MILK!). Stores 50+ years without pest. Grows in acidic soil (pH 5.0). Sea level to 2,000m altitude. Ragi vs Quinoa: ragi wins on nutrition + 8-10x cheaper!

🌱 Kharif June-July | Transplanting (like paddy) OR direct sowing | Thiram + Azospirillum ⏱️ 90-130 days | Earheads 80% brown | Stores 50+ YEARS without pest attack!

Ragi Finger Millet Calcium 3x Milk

🌍 Ethiopia — India cultivation 4,000+ years. India = world's 2nd largest producer. Karnataka 60% India. View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Barley / Jau

जौ / यव

Hordeum vulgare (6-row food) | H. vulgare var. distichon (2-row malting)

Barley / Jau — GI 28-35 (LOWEST cereal!). Beta-glucan beats oats for cholesterol. Sattu = India's original protein powder. Malting barley: brewery contract 2x price. More drought tolerant than wheat.

🌱 Rabi Oct-Nov | Same as wheat but more cold tolerant | Malting barley: 2-row varieties only ⏱️ 110-150 days | March (10-15 days before wheat!) | Malting: 95%+ germination test

Barley Jau GI 28-35 Lowest

🌍 Fertile Crescent — 10,000 years! Rigveda "yava." India: Rajasthan, UP, Haryana primary. View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Chickpea / Chana / Gram

चना / ग्राम / बंगाल ग्राम

Cicer arietinum — Desi (small dark) | Kabuli (large cream)

Chickpea / Chana — India grows 70-75% of WORLD production! Heavy N fertilizer REDUCES yield (Rhizobium paradox). Helicoverpa = #1 pulse pest India. Folate 139% RDA — best pregnancy pulse.

Chickpea Chana India 70-75% World

🌍 Fertile Crescent/Turkey — India cultivation 3,500+ years. India = 70-75% WORLD production! View Guide →

🌾 Crops & Grains ⭐ Featured 🌱 Easy

Lentil / Masoor Dal

मसूर दाल

Lens culinaris (syn. Lens esculenta)

Lentil / Masoor — 8,000 BCE world's oldest pulse! Zero-tillage after paddy = FREE income on idle land. Highest folate of all dals (pregnancy must!). No soaking — cooks in 15 min. MSP Rs.6,425 highest Rabi pulse.

🌱 Rabi Oct-Nov | Zero-tillage AFTER paddy harvest = free income on idle land! ⏱️ 80-120 days | Feb-March | Pods shatter easily — harvest before over-ripe | MSP Rs.6,425/qt

Lentil Masoor 8000 BCE Oldest

🌍 Near East — 8,000 BCE! World's oldest cultivated pulse. India = largest producer AND consumer. View Guide →

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All tools, plant encyclopedias, edible growing guides and blog content on PlantCare are created with the assistance of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and are intended for general informational and educational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, the information provided may not be complete, current or suitable for every situation, region or individual plant variety.

For health, medical or serious agricultural decisions — always consult a qualified horticulturist, agronomist, Ayurvedic practitioner, medical professional or relevant expert. PlantCare does not take responsibility for outcomes arising from use of this information. Identification results from AI tools (plant identifier, pest identifier etc.) should be verified before taking any action.

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